Oracle SQL for beginners Training Course

Relational Database Models

• Architecture of relational databases.
• Types of table relationships.
• Database normalization and denormalization.
• Relational operators.

Data Retrieval

• Best practices for writing SQL queries.
• SELECT statement syntax.
• Retrieving all columns.
• Performing arithmetic operations in queries.
• Using column aliases.
• Working with literals.
• The concatenation operator.

Filtering Results

• The WHERE clause.
• Comparison operators.
• The LIKE condition.
• The BETWEEN ... AND condition.
• The IS NULL condition.
• The IN condition.
• Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT.
• Combining multiple conditions in the WHERE clause.
• Operator precedence.
• The DISTINCT clause.

Data Sorting

• The ORDER BY clause.
• Sorting by multiple columns or expressions.

SQL Functions

• Differences between single-row and multi-row functions.
• Text, numeric, and date functions.
• Explicit and implicit data conversion.
• Conversion functions.
• Function nesting.
• Testing function performance using the dual table.
• Retrieving the current date via SYSDATE.
• Handling NULL values.

Data Aggregation and Grouping

• Aggregate functions.
• How aggregate functions handle NULL values.
• Creating data groups with the GROUP BY clause.
• Grouping by multiple columns.
• Filtering grouped results with the HAVING clause.

Querying Multiple Tables

• Types of joins.
• Using NATURAL JOIN.
• Table aliases.
• Joining tables in the WHERE clause.
• INNER JOIN operations.
• Outer joins: LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL OUTER JOIN.
• The Cartesian product.

Subqueries

• Placing subqueries within the SELECT command.
• Single-row and multi-row subqueries.
• Operators for single-row subqueries.
• Grouping within subqueries.
• Operators for multi-row subqueries: IN, ALL, ANY.
• NULL value handling in subqueries.

Set Operators

• The UNION operator.
• The UNION ALL operator.
• The INTERSECT operator.
• The MINUS operator.

Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data

• The INSERT command.
• Copying data from other tables.
• The UPDATE command.
• The DELETE command.
• The TRUNCATE command.

Transactions

• Managing transactions with COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

DDL Commands

• Primary database objects.
• Naming conventions for objects.
• Creating tables.
• Available data types for columns.
• The DEFAULT option.
• NULL and NOT NULL constraints.

Table Management

• Referential integrity: CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE.
• Creating tables from queries.
• Dropping tables with DROP TABLE.
• The DESCRIBE command.

Other Schema Objects

• Sequences.
• Synonyms.
• Views.